{"id":3859,"date":"2014-11-21T15:46:06","date_gmt":"2014-11-21T15:46:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/?p=3859"},"modified":"2016-02-05T21:21:52","modified_gmt":"2016-02-05T19:21:52","slug":"retaining-walls-technical-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/ro\/blog\/2014\/11\/21\/retaining-walls-technical-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Retaining walls technical guidance"},"content":{"rendered":"

General presentation<\/h2>\n

<\/b>A retaining wall is a structure that retains (holds back) any material (usually earth) and prevents it from sliding or eroding away. It is designed so that to resist the material pressure of the material that it is holding back.<\/p>\n

\"Retaining_Wall_Type_Function\"<\/a>from Wikipedia<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Gravity retaining wall<\/strong> relies on their huge weight to retain the material behind it and achieve stability against failures.\u00a0Gravity Retaining Wall can be constructed from concrete, stone or even brick masonry. Gravity retaining walls are much thicker in section. Geometry of these walls also help them to maintain the stability. Mass concrete walls are suitable for retained heights of up to 3 m. The cross section shape of the wall is affected by stability, the use of space in front of the wall, the required wall appearance and the method of construction.<\/p>\n

Piling wall<\/strong> – Steel sheet pile walls are constructed by driving steel sheets into a slope or excavation upto the required depth. Their most common use is within temporary deep excavations. They are considered to be most economical where retention of higher earth pressures of soft soils is required. It cannot resist very high pressure.<\/p>\n

Cantilever retaining wall<\/strong> is one that consists of a wall which is connected to foundation. A cantilever wall holds back a significant amount of soil, so it must be well engineered. They are the most common type used as retaining walls. Cantilever wall rest on a slab foundation. This slab foundation is also loaded by back-fill and thus the weight of the back-fill and surcharge also stabilizes the wall against overturning and sliding.<\/p>\n

Anchored retaining wall <\/strong>uses facing units tied to rods or strips which have their ends anchored into the ground is an anchored earth wall. The anchors are like abutments. The cables used for tieing are commonly high strength, prestressed steel tendons. To aid anchorage, the ends of the strips are formed into a shape designed to bind the strip at the point into the soil.<\/p>\n

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Wall analysis<\/h2>\n

The magnitude of stress or earth pressure acting on a retaining wall depends on:<\/p>\n