{"id":29756,"date":"2017-05-16T17:02:55","date_gmt":"2017-05-16T15:02:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/verifica-delle-opere-di-sbarramento-di-dighe-artificiali\/"},"modified":"2017-05-19T08:45:52","modified_gmt":"2017-05-19T06:45:52","slug":"verificacion-de-obras-en-represas-artificiales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/blog\/2017\/05\/16\/verificacion-de-obras-en-represas-artificiales\/","title":{"rendered":"Verificaci\u00f3n de obras en represas artificiales"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El criterio, descrito a continuaci\u00f3n, de verificaci\u00f3n de las barreras en represas artificiales es v\u00e1lido para obras con una altura de retenci\u00f3n inferior a 15 metros.<\/p>\n<p>Desde un punto de vista est\u00e1tico, un juicio global sobre las condiciones de estabilidad de la obra se puede deducir con un procedimiento aproximativo que subdivide la represa en dos partes: una aguas arriba y otra aguas abajo, cada una a examinar por separado.<\/p>\n<p>La subdivisi\u00f3n se indica en el esquema de la Figura 1: la parte <strong>RMN<\/strong> est\u00e1 separada de la parte posterior <strong>MNS<\/strong> mediante un plano vertical que tiene como traza la recta <strong>MN<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>De esta manera, el problema queda dividido en dos problemas parciales, que ser\u00e1n resueltos haciendo referencia a la unidad de espesor de la represa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29736 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/sez_01_post_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"824\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/sez_01_post_1.png 824w, https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/sez_01_post_1-500x248.png 500w, https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/sez_01_post_1-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/sez_01_post_1-768x381.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Figura 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La parte aguas abajo <strong>MNS<\/strong> funciona como soporte de la parte aguas arriba presionada por el agua: la fuerza resistente que se opone al empuje transmitido por la parte aguas arriba se manifiesta, en cada cota, como un esfuerzo de corte agente a lo largo de la secci\u00f3n horizontal de base (secci\u00f3n m\u00e1s solicitada)<\/p>\n<p>Las condiciones de verificaci\u00f3n deber\u00e1n satisfacerse con: embalse lleno, embalse vac\u00edo, embalse vaciado r\u00e1pidamente.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>EMBALSE LLENO<\/strong><br \/>\nLa condici\u00f3n de verificaci\u00f3n se expresa mediante la desigualdad:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">T<sub>v<\/sub> \u2264 R<sub>v<\/sub><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T<sub>v<\/sub>= S+F<sub>o<\/sub>+F<sub>v<\/sub>+F<sub>s<\/sub>+F<sub>T\u00a0<\/sub>representa el esfuerzo total de corte agente sobre la base <strong>NS<\/strong> y est\u00e1 constituido por las siguientes acciones:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">S \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 empuje hidrost\u00e1tico del agua embalsada<br \/>\nF<sub>O<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 acci\u00f3n s\u00edsmica horizontal de la masa estructural<br \/>\nF<sub>V<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 acci\u00f3n s\u00edsmica vertical de la masa estructural<br \/>\nF<sub>S<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 acci\u00f3n inercial del agua embalsada<br \/>\nF<sub>T<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0empuje del terreno aguas arriba de la secci\u00f3n <strong>MN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">R<sub>v\u00a0<\/sub>por su parte representa la resistencia que el material es capaz de desarrollar. Se compone de una parte de rozamiento y de una cohesiva:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">R<sub>v<\/sub>=P<sub>v<\/sub> (\u03b3<sub>s<\/sub>)\u00b7tan\u03c6+c&#8217;\u00b7b<sub>v<\/sub><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P<sub>v \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sub> resultante de las acciones verticales funci\u00f3n de \u03b3<sub>s<\/sub><br \/>\nc&#8217; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0cohesi\u00f3n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>EMBALSE VAC\u00cdO<br \/>\n<\/strong>El esfuerzo de corte total Tm agente en la secci\u00f3n de base est\u00e1 dado por la relaci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">T<sub>m<\/sub>=F<sub>o<\/sub>+F<sub>v<\/sub>+F<sub>T<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>La resistencia se expresa con:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">R<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px;\">m<\/span>=P<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px;\"><sub>m<\/sub><\/span>\u00a0(\u03b3<sub>a<\/sub>)\u00b7tan\u03c6+c&#8217;\u00b7b<sub>v<\/sub><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P<sub>m \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/sub>\u00a0 representa el resultado de las acciones verticales, funci\u00f3n de \u03b3<sub>a<\/sub><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>EMBALSE RAPIDAMENTE VACIADO<br \/>\n<\/strong>En esta condici\u00f3n falta improvisadamente la acci\u00f3n de soporte que ejercita el empuje hidrost\u00e1tico contra el paramento aguas arriba, mientras que el cuerpo de la presa que no ha tenido el tiempo de vaciarse por filtraci\u00f3n, queda empapado de agua. El esfuerzo de corte total Tm agente en la secci\u00f3n de base de la porci\u00f3n aguas arriba se define como:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">T<sub>m<\/sub>=[0.5\u00b7\u03b3<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px;\"><sub>S<\/sub><\/span>\u00b7H<sup>2<\/sup><sub>1<\/sub>\u00b7K<sub>A<\/sub>+0.5\u00b7\u03b3<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px;\"><sub>W<\/sub><\/span>\u00b7(2\/3\u00b7H)<sup>2<\/sup>+k<sub>h<\/sub>\u00b7A<sub>(RTMSR)<\/sub>\u00b7\u03b3<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px;\"><sub>g<\/sub>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>La resistencia Rm se expresa con la f\u00f3rmula:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">R<sub>m<\/sub>=P<sub>m<\/sub> (\u03b3<sub>g<\/sub>)\u00b7tan\u03c6<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P<sub>m \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sub>representa el resultado de las acciones verticales, funci\u00f3n de \u03b3<sub>g<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>El c\u00e1lculo hidr\u00e1ulico de una represa en tierra tiene que ver con tres problemas: identificaci\u00f3n de la llamada \u201cl\u00ednea de saturaci\u00f3n\u201d, c\u00e1lculo de la capacidad de filtraci\u00f3n, comprobaci\u00f3n de sifonamiento.<\/p>\n<p>La l\u00ednea de saturaci\u00f3n representa la m\u00e1s alta l\u00ednea de flujo del movimiento filtrante, por debajo de todos los puntos de la l\u00ednea de saturaci\u00f3n el material est\u00e1 saturado con agua y en condiciones hidrost\u00e1ticas, mientras que por encima falta la presi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Es una curva convexa hacia arriba y puede determinarse gr\u00e1ficamente como se indica en la Figura 2.<\/p>\n<p>Para estimar la capacidad de filtraci\u00f3n por unidad de espesor de represa es necesario conocer el valor de la longitud promedio del recorrido de filtraci\u00f3n, para lo cual se hace referencia a las relaciones emp\u00edricas disponibles en la literatura t\u00e9cnica.<\/p>\n<p>A trav\u00e9s de dicha longitud es posible cuantificar la capacidad mediante la siguiente relaci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Q=4\/9\u00b7(k\u00b7H<sup>2<\/sup>\/L)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">donde:<br \/>\nk es el promedio de los dos coeficientes k<sub>o\u00a0<\/sub>\u00a0k<sub>v <\/sub>,\u00a0coeficiente de permeabilidad ideal constante en todas las direcciones<br \/>\nL es la longitud promedio del recorrido de filtraci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29730 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/sez_02_post_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"824\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/sez_02_post_1.png 824w, https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/sez_02_post_1-500x260.png 500w, https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/sez_02_post_1-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/sez_02_post_1-768x400.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Figura 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La verificaci\u00f3n de <a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sifonamento\">sifonamiento <\/a>se efect\u00faa utilizando la relaci\u00f3n emp\u00edrica de <strong>Bligh<\/strong> en la forma:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">L<sub>a\u00a0<\/sub>&gt; c<sub>m<\/sub>\u00b7H<\/p>\n<p>donde:<br \/>\nL<sub>a<\/sub>\u00a0 desarrollo perimetral del perfil de cimentaci\u00f3n<br \/>\nc<sub>m<\/sub> relaci\u00f3n cr\u00edtica de arrastre, depende de la naturaleza del terreno, puede asumir valores comprendidos entre un m\u00e1ximo de 20 para material incoherente fin\u00edsimo y un m\u00ednimo de 4 para arcillas muy duras y compactas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/it\/shop\/software\/software-geotecnica\/vat\/\"><strong>M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre el software de verificaci\u00f3n de represas en tierra.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El criterio, descrito a continuaci\u00f3n, de verificaci\u00f3n de las barreras en represas artificiales es v\u00e1lido para obras con una altura de retenci\u00f3n inferior a 15 metros. Desde un punto de vista est\u00e1tico, un juicio global sobre las condiciones de estabilidad de la obra se puede deducir con un procedimiento aproximativo que subdivide la represa en&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":216,"featured_media":29707,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[584,581,583,608,640],"tags":[752],"class_list":["post-29756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulos-publicaciones-geotecnica","category-articulos-ingenieria-civil","category-articulos-para-la-geologia","category-news-es","category-pubblicazioni-es","tag-argini-interra-es","category-584","category-581","category-583","category-608","category-640","description-off"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v25.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Verificaci\u00f3n de obras en represas artificiales - GeoStru<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/blog\/2017\/05\/16\/verificacion-de-obras-en-represas-artificiales\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Verificaci\u00f3n de obras en represas artificiales\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El criterio, descrito a continuaci\u00f3n, de verificaci\u00f3n de las barreras en represas artificiales es v\u00e1lido para obras con una altura de retenci\u00f3n inferior a 15 metros. 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He graduated in Civil Engineering, geotechnical track, at the University of Calabria in 1996, with a thesis entitled \\\"Programma di calcolo per l'analisi della stabilita dei pendii con metodi numerici avanzati\\\" (A calculation program for slope stability analysis using advanced numerical methods) - the work that became his first commercial product. He has been registered with the Order of Engineers of Reggio Calabria (no. 1839) since 1996. From 1996 to 1999 he worked as an analyst and software developer specialising in numerical algorithms, in Pascal, Visual Basic, Fortran and Visual C++, and in full-stack web development. He works with advanced 2D and 3D mathematical models and with graphics programming in OpenGL and DirectX. In 1999 he founded GeoStru, an international geotechnical software house whose catalogue he largely authored: slope stability and rockfall analysis, foundations and retaining structures, finite element analysis, geophysics and site investigation, hydrology and hydrogeology, and reinforced concrete design. Since 2016 he has run SC Engsoft S.r.l. in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and he is technical and scientific consultant to GoMeeting. His most recent work is GeoStru.ai, a platform delivering geotechnical and civil calculation through natural-language conversation while keeping the analysis itself on deterministic, auditable algorithms. Between 2005 and 2013 he co-supervised degree theses at the University of Calabria and the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria. He teaches accredited professional-development courses for geologists and engineers under accreditation from the Italian Consiglio Nazionale dei Geologi. His peer-reviewed work includes papers in Green World Journal (2021), Marine and Petroleum Geology (2022), Journal of Mediterranean Earth Sciences (2022), Geosciences (2024) and Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment (2026), together with memorie at the XXVII and XXVIII Italian National Geotechnical Conferences. He co-authored \\\"Terre rinforzate\\\" (EPC Editore, 2023) and \\\"Terrae Motus\\\". He has been a member of AGI, ISRM, ISSMGE and AGI-IGS since 2014, and holds a certificate from AGS (Association of Geotechnical &amp; Geoenvironmental Specialists). 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He graduated in Civil Engineering, geotechnical track, at the University of Calabria in 1996, with a thesis entitled \"Programma di calcolo per l'analisi della stabilita dei pendii con metodi numerici avanzati\" (A calculation program for slope stability analysis using advanced numerical methods) - the work that became his first commercial product. He has been registered with the Order of Engineers of Reggio Calabria (no. 1839) since 1996. From 1996 to 1999 he worked as an analyst and software developer specialising in numerical algorithms, in Pascal, Visual Basic, Fortran and Visual C++, and in full-stack web development. He works with advanced 2D and 3D mathematical models and with graphics programming in OpenGL and DirectX. In 1999 he founded GeoStru, an international geotechnical software house whose catalogue he largely authored: slope stability and rockfall analysis, foundations and retaining structures, finite element analysis, geophysics and site investigation, hydrology and hydrogeology, and reinforced concrete design. Since 2016 he has run SC Engsoft S.r.l. in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and he is technical and scientific consultant to GoMeeting. His most recent work is GeoStru.ai, a platform delivering geotechnical and civil calculation through natural-language conversation while keeping the analysis itself on deterministic, auditable algorithms. Between 2005 and 2013 he co-supervised degree theses at the University of Calabria and the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria. He teaches accredited professional-development courses for geologists and engineers under accreditation from the Italian Consiglio Nazionale dei Geologi. His peer-reviewed work includes papers in Green World Journal (2021), Marine and Petroleum Geology (2022), Journal of Mediterranean Earth Sciences (2022), Geosciences (2024) and Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment (2026), together with memorie at the XXVII and XXVIII Italian National Geotechnical Conferences. He co-authored \"Terre rinforzate\" (EPC Editore, 2023) and \"Terrae Motus\". He has been a member of AGI, ISRM, ISSMGE and AGI-IGS since 2014, and holds a certificate from AGS (Association of Geotechnical &amp; Geoenvironmental Specialists). ORCID: 0009-0001-2495-6395 - Scopus Author ID: 57936189800 - Google Scholar: ZiY1VZUAAAAJ","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.geostru.eu"],"url":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/blog\/author\/filippo-catanzariti\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29756"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/216"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29756"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29756\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}