{"id":115926,"date":"2020-01-28T12:30:19","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T11:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/subsidenza-come-analizzarla-con-loadcap\/"},"modified":"2020-01-28T12:45:00","modified_gmt":"2020-01-28T11:45:00","slug":"subsidencia-como-analizarla-con-loadcap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidencia-como-analizarla-con-loadcap\/","title":{"rendered":"Subsidencia: c\u00f3mo analizarla con Loadcap"},"content":{"rendered":"

Subsidencia: c\u00f3mo analizarla con Loadcap<\/h1>\r\n

Recientemente la revista cient\u00edfica Marine and Petroleum Geology<\/a> public\u00f3 un art\u00edculo titulado \u201cAlternative methods for calculating compaction in sedimentary basins<\/em>\u201d cuyos autores son Marti\u00ecn-Mart\u00ecn M. and Robles-Mar\u00ecn P.<\/span>\r\nEn este art\u00edculo los autores proponen m\u00e9todos alternativos para el c\u00e1lculo de la compactaci\u00f3n en las cuencas sedimentarias y particularmente aconsejan el uso del software Loadcap.<\/span>\r\nBasados en esto, en Geostru Company<\/a> hemos querido profundizar el concepto de subsidencia, documentarnos sobre la importancia del estudio de este fen\u00f3meno y observar c\u00f3mo la compactaci\u00f3n de los asientos en las cuencas sedimentarias se puede explicar por medio de uno de nuestros: Loadcap<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Qu\u00e9 es la Subsidencia<\/h2>\r\n

La subsidencia es un fen\u00f3meno asociado a la deformaci\u00f3n vertical hacia abajo de la superficie terrestre (Whittaker and Reddish, 1989; Marker, 2013), debido a la compactaci\u00f3n de los materiales, que puede ser generada por causas naturales (evoluci\u00f3n lenta) o artificiales (se manifiesta en poco tiempo). La compactaci\u00f3n del asentamiento y la consiguiente subsidencia son procesos fundamentales en las cuencas sedimentarias.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

La importancia de las cuencas sedimentarias<\/h3>\r\n

Las cuencas sedimentarias son regiones formadas debido a la subsidencia a largo plazo tect\u00f3nicamente inducida, donde los asentamientos acumulados alcanzan considerables espesores, pudiendo preservarse por periodos de tiempo geol\u00f3gico relativamente largos (Einsele 2000; Miall 2000; Allen and Allen, 2013; Lee et al., 2019).<\/span>\r\nEstas cuencas son de gran importancia, no solo para la investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica, sino tambi\u00e9n por el potencial de recursos explotables econ\u00f3micamente (Allen and Allen, 2013; Bjorlykke, 2014; Lee et al., 2019). \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>\r\nPara comprender la estructura interna de una cuenca se estudian y analizan los sedimentos de relleno (infilling sediment<\/em>) considerando la petrograf\u00eda, el perfil estratigr\u00e1fico, las fases de dep\u00f3sito y las relaciones con fallas y deformaciones estructurales que son parte de la arquitectura de la cuenca. Esto se deriva principalmente de la interacci\u00f3n entre el volumen y la granulometr\u00eda del aporte de sedimentos (sediment supply<\/em>) y de la distribuci\u00f3n espacial (accomodation<\/em>) de los mismos (Fig.1<\/strong>) controlada por la subsidencia y fen\u00f3menos de levantamiento tect\u00f3nico, variaciones eust\u00e1ticas y compactaci\u00f3n (Allen and Allen, 2013; Lee et al., 2019).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"

Fig.1 \u2013 Sketch of a sedimentary basin; red arrows show the subsidence due to sedimentary loading (Lee et al.2019, modified).<\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

<\/h2>\r\n

C\u00f3mo efectuar el an\u00e1lisis de subsidencia<\/h2>\r\n

La estructura estratigr\u00e1fica actual (por ejemplo edad, espesor, litolog\u00eda) de una cuenca de relleno sedimentario no muestra el espesor original de cada estrato sedimentario por causa del efecto de la compactaci\u00f3n (Van Hinte, 1978).<\/span>\r\nPor lo tanto, para efectuar el an\u00e1lisis de subsidencia, es importante partir de los espesores originarios de las capas que han sido objeto de compactaci\u00f3n. Es posible hacerlo mediante la t\u00e9cnica de descompactaci\u00f3n.<\/span>\r\nLa t\u00e9cnica de descompactaci\u00f3n buscar derivar los efectos progresivos de la compactaci\u00f3n de sedimentos restaurando el espesor de un estrato en un momento cualquiera a una cierta profundidad en el pasado (Allen and Allen, 1990; Fig.2<\/strong>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"

Fig. 2 – Time-depth diagram. A) The time-depth model refers to the present framework without considering the compaction effect of underlying layers thicknesses (dotted red line depicts the sediment accumulation; red arrow shows backward path without compaction); B) Decompaction of each stratigraphic unit: restoring of thickness of the compacted layers through time (the direction path of decompaction is shown by the red arrow; the red line represents the total subsidence); C) comparison between A e B curves trend; D) 3D rapresentation of scheme B.<\/p><\/div>\r\n

Esta t\u00e9cnica se basa en la ecuaci\u00f3n (1)<\/strong> que toma en cuenta el comportamiento de la porosidad en funci\u00f3n de la profundidad (porosity-depth relation trend<\/em>; Rubey and Hubbert, 1959) y que muestra como la porosidad decrece exponencialmente con la profundidad (ej. Van Hinte, 1978; Schmoker and Halley 1982; Bond and Kominz 1984).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"

Ecuaci\u00f3n (1): \u03d5_( N)=porosidad actual; \u3016 \u03d5\u3017_0 = porosidad original; c = constante litol\u00f3gica; z=actual profundidad de entierro.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n

Por lo tanto, para calcular la subsidencia total es necesario restablecer el espesor original relacionado con el espesor actual, como se muestra en la ecuaci\u00f3n (2)<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"

Ecuaci\u00f3n (2): T_0=espesor original; \u03d5_N=porosidad actual; \u03d5_0= porosidad original; T_N= espesor actual.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n

<\/h2>\r\n

Por qu\u00e9 Loadcap<\/h2>\r\n

Loadcap<\/a> es el software para c\u00e1lculo de asientos de terrenos sujetos a sobrecarga, con el cual se pueden obtener, adem\u00e1s de datos num\u00e9ricos\/cuantitativos, tambi\u00e9n representaciones gr\u00e1ficas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Particularmente, Loadcap – Carga l\u00edmite y asientos<\/a> es el software para el c\u00e1lculo de la capacidad de carga y asientos de cimentaciones en suelos sueltos y rocosos con varios m\u00e9todos (Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Hansen, Vesic, Brinch-Hansen, Richards et al., Meyerhof and Hanna, 1978) de c\u00e1lculo de los factores de capacidad de carga en zona s\u00edsmica. Entre los asientos<\/strong> presentes en el software est\u00e1n: i) El\u00e1sticos<\/strong> (Timoshenko y Goodier), ii) Edom\u00e9tricos<\/b> (Schmertmann, Burland y Burbidge), iii) post-s\u00edsmicos<\/strong> (Idriss and Boulanger, Pradel, Yasuhara and Andersen). Loadcap permite adem\u00e1s efectuar la verificaci\u00f3n de licuefacci\u00f3n con el M\u00e9todo de Seed e Idris (1971) y desarrollar el an\u00e1lisis de suelo reforzado con geomallas (mediante el c\u00e1lculo del incremento de capacidad de carga, deformaci\u00f3n en los refuerzos, esfuerzo de tracci\u00f3n por efecto membrana). El software permite adem\u00e1s: insertar una eventual presencia de nivel fre\u00e1tico; efectuar an\u00e1lisis en t\u00e9rminos de tensiones totales y efectivas; ver el bulbo de las tensiones y los c\u00faneos de rotura en 2D y 3D; calcular el estado tensional producido por cargas externas en cualquier punto.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Considerando lo anterior, es posible utilizar Loadcap (generalmente usado en estudios geot\u00e9cnicos) con objetivos geol\u00f3gicos, como por ejemplo el c\u00e1lculo de la compactaci\u00f3n relacionada con el an\u00e1lisis de la subsidencia (es. Marti\u00ecn-Mart\u00ecn e Robles-Mar\u00ecn, 2020).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Bibliograf\u00eda<\/span><\/h4>\r\n

A<\/strong>llen P.A. and Allen J.R., 2013 – Basin analysis: principles and application to petroleum play assessment<\/em>. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.<\/span>\r\nB<\/strong>jorlykke, K., 2014 – Relationships between depositional environments, burial history and rock properties. Some principal aspects of diagenetic processes in sedimentary basins<\/em>. Sediment. Geol. 301, 1\u201314.<\/span>\r\nE<\/strong>insele G, 2000 – Sedimentary basins. Evolution, facies, and sediment budget<\/em>. Springer, Berlin.<\/span>\r\nL<\/strong>ee E.Y., Novotny J. and Wagreich M., 2019 – Subsidence Analysis and Visualization: For Sedimentary Basin Analysis and Modelling<\/em>. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 1st edition.<\/span>\r\nL<\/strong>eeder M, 2011 – Sedimentology and sedimentary basins: from turbulence to tectonics<\/em>. Wiley, Chichester.<\/span>\r\nM<\/strong>arker B.R., 2013 \u2013 Land Subsidence<\/em>. In Bobrowsky P.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards. Ecncyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecth.<\/span>\r\nM<\/strong>art\u00ecn-Mart\u00ecn M. and Robles-Mar\u00ecn, 2020 – Alternative methods for calculating compaction in sedimentary basins<\/em>. Marine and Petroleum Geology 113. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>M<\/strong>iall A.D., 2000 – Pri<\/span>nciples of sedimentary basin analysis<\/em>. Springer, Berlin.<\/span>\r\nV<\/strong>an Hinte, J.E., 1978 – Geohistory analysis: application of micropaleontology in exploration geology<\/em>. AAPG (Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol.) Bull. 62, 201\u2013222.<\/span>\r\nW<\/strong>hittaker B.N and Reddish D.J., 1989 \u2013 Subsidence: Occurrence, Prediction and Control<\/em>. In Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, 56, ElsevierScience.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Subsidencia: c\u00f3mo analizarla con Loadcap Recientemente la revista cient\u00edfica Marine and Petroleum Geology public\u00f3 un art\u00edculo titulado \u201cAlternative methods for calculating compaction in sedimentary basins\u201d cuyos autores son Marti\u00ecn-Mart\u00ecn M. and Robles-Mar\u00ecn P. En este art\u00edculo los autores proponen m\u00e9todos alternativos para el c\u00e1lculo de la compactaci\u00f3n en las cuencas sedimentarias y particularmente aconsejan el…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":216,"featured_media":115622,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[584,583,227,608,640],"tags":[9149],"class_list":["post-115926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulos-publicaciones-geotecnica","category-articulos-para-la-geologia","category-general","category-news-es","category-pubblicazioni-es","tag-subsidenza-es","category-584","category-583","category-227","category-608","category-640","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nSubsidencia: c\u00f3mo analizarla con Loadcap - GeoStru<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidencia-como-analizarla-con-loadcap\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Subsidencia: c\u00f3mo analizarla con Loadcap\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Subsidencia: c\u00f3mo analizarla con Loadcap\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidencia-como-analizarla-con-loadcap\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"GeoStru\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GeoStruSoftware\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-01-28T11:30:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-01-28T11:45:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Figura1_bacino.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1410\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"852\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"filippo catanzariti\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Subsidencia: c\u00f3mo analizarla con Loadcap\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@geostru\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@geostru\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"filippo catanzariti\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidencia-como-analizarla-con-loadcap\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidencia-como-analizarla-con-loadcap\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"filippo catanzariti\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/#\/schema\/person\/a77057583cda5367a251627a9b171ddd\"},\"headline\":\"Subsidencia: c\u00f3mo analizarla con Loadcap\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-01-28T11:30:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-01-28T11:45:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidencia-como-analizarla-con-loadcap\/\"},\"wordCount\":1178,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidencia-como-analizarla-con-loadcap\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Figura1_bacino.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"subsidenza\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Art\u00edculos geot\u00e9cnica\",\"Art\u00edculos para la geolog\u00eda\",\"General\",\"News\",\"Pubblicazioni\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidencia-como-analizarla-con-loadcap\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/es\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidencia-como-analizarla-con-loadcap\/\",\"name\":\"Subsidencia: c\u00f3mo analizarla con Loadcap - 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He graduated in civil engineering at the University of Calabria (UNICAL) with a thesis entitled \\\"Programma di calcolo per l\u2019analisi della stabilit\u00e0 dei pendii con metodi numerici avanzati\u201d (Calculation program for the analysis of slope stability with advanced numerical methods). From 1996-1999 he worked as an analyst and software developer specialized in algorithms and development in the main programming languages: pascal, vb, fortran, visual c ++ and in the web full stack developer. In 1999 he founded Geostru, the well-known international software company, for which he produced hundreds of software and sophisticated analysis algorithms. Maturing experience in: advanced mathematical models 2D \/ 3D and graphics programming with OpenGL and DirectX. Between 2000-2014 he was co-supervisor of numerous degree theses and author of technical articles published by Ingenium Edizioni. Between 2014-2019 he published articles in international technical journals and coordinated important university research projects. Since 2014 he is a member of: AGI, ISRM, ISSMGE, AGI-IGS and certificate of AGS (Association of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Specialists). 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He graduated in civil engineering at the University of Calabria (UNICAL) with a thesis entitled \"Programma di calcolo per l\u2019analisi della stabilit\u00e0 dei pendii con metodi numerici avanzati\u201d (Calculation program for the analysis of slope stability with advanced numerical methods). From 1996-1999 he worked as an analyst and software developer specialized in algorithms and development in the main programming languages: pascal, vb, fortran, visual c ++ and in the web full stack developer. In 1999 he founded Geostru, the well-known international software company, for which he produced hundreds of software and sophisticated analysis algorithms. Maturing experience in: advanced mathematical models 2D \/ 3D and graphics programming with OpenGL and DirectX. Between 2000-2014 he was co-supervisor of numerous degree theses and author of technical articles published by Ingenium Edizioni. 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