{"id":115924,"date":"2020-01-28T12:30:19","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T11:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/subsidenza-come-analizzarla-con-loadcap\/"},"modified":"2020-05-28T11:05:38","modified_gmt":"2020-05-28T09:05:38","slug":"subsidence-how-to-analyze-it-with-loadcap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/en\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidence-how-to-analyze-it-with-loadcap\/","title":{"rendered":"Subsidence How to analyze it with Loadcap"},"content":{"rendered":"

Subsidence How to analyze it with Loadcap<\/h1>\n

Latterly, an interesting research paper, entitled \u201cAlternative methods for calculating compaction in sedimentary basins<\/em>\u201d whose autors are Marti\u00ecn-Mart\u00ecn M. and Robles-Mar\u00ecn P., was published on Marine and Petroleum Geology<\/a>.<\/span>
\nIn this paper, the authors propose alternative methods for calculating compaction in sedimentary basin and, in particular, suggest the use of Loadcap<\/a> software.<\/span>
\nOn that basis, Geostru company<\/a> wanted to tell more about the concept of subsidence and the usefulness of Loadcap for calculating compaction in sedimentary basin relating to subsidence itself.<\/span><\/p>\n

What is Subsidence?<\/h2>\n

The term subsidence refers to a surface point sinking to a lower level applied to the Earth’s surface. Therefore, the subsidence is considered like a process of downward displacement of the ground generally due to insufficient support from beneath and\/or superimposed load (Whittaker and Reddish, 1989; Marker, 2013) and it can arise from natural or artifical causes. Sediment compaction and the resultant subsidence are fundamental processes in sedimentary basins.<\/span><\/p>\n

The importance of sedimentary basins<\/h3>\n

Sedimentary basin are regions formed because of tectonically induced long-term subsidence of the Earth\u2019s surface in wich sediments accumulate to considerable thickness and be preserved for relatively long geological time periods (Einsele 2000; Miall 2000; Leeder 2011; Allen and Allen, 2013; Lee et al., 2019). These basins are of great importance not only, from the point of view of academic research but also for their resource potential (Allen and Allen, 2013; Bjorlykke, 2014; Lee et al., 2019). \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>
\nTo understand the internal framework of a basin, analysis and interpretetion of many different kinds of geoscientific dataset are required and studied (e.g. sedimentary petrology, lithostratigraphy, depositional facies, structural deformation, geophysics, etc.). It results mainly from interplay between volume and grain size of sediment supply (depending on erosion rate and source rock size) and the generation rate and spatial distribution of accomodation (Lee et al,2019; Fig.1<\/strong>). The generation of accomodation is controlled by tectonic subsidence and up-lift, global sea-level change and compaction (Allen and Allen, 2013).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Fig.1 \u2013 Sketch of a sedimentary basin; red arrows show the subsidence due to sedimentary loading (Lee et al.2019, modified).<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

<\/h2>\n

How to perform subsidence analysis<\/h2>\n

The present-day stratigraphic framework (e.g. age, thickness, lithology) of a sedimentary basin fill does not show the primary thickness of each sedimentary layer because of the compaction effect (Van Hinte, 1978). Therefore, restoring thicknesses of the compacted layer using the techinque for decompacting sedimentary strata is important to start subsidence analysis.<\/span>
\nThe technique of Decompaction aims at reversing the progressive effects of sediments compaction by restoring of thickness of a sedimentary layer at any time and depth in the past (Allen and Allen, 1990; Fig.2<\/strong>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Fig. 2 – Time-depth diagram. A) The time-depth model refers to the present framework without considering the compaction effect of underlying layers thicknesses (dotted red line depicts the sediment accumulation; red arrow shows backward path without compaction); B) Decompaction of each stratigraphic unit: restoring of thickness of the compacted layers through time (the red line represents the total subsidence; the direction path of decompaction is shown by the red arrow); C) comparison between A e B curves trend; D) 3D rapresentation of scheme B.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

This technique is based on the equation (1)<\/strong> for porosity-depth relation trend (Rubey and Hubbert, 1959) wich shows exponential porosity decrease with depth (e.g. Van Hinte, 1978; Schmoker and Halley 1982; Bond and Kominz 1984).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Equation (1): \u03d5_N =present-day porosity; \u03d5_0= original porosity; c=costant for each lihology; z=present depth of burial.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Pertanto, per valutare la subsidenza totale, \u00e8 necessario ripristinare lo spessore originale correlato allo spessore attuale come mostrato nell’equazione (2)<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Equation (2): T0=original thickness; \u03d5_N=present-day porosity; \u03d5_0= original porosity; T_N=present-day thickness.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Taking into account the aforementioned, Marti\u00ecn-Mart\u00ecn and Robles-Mar\u00ecn (2020) use Loadcap for calculating compaction relative to subsidence analysis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Why Loadcap<\/h2>\n
Loadcap<\/a> is a software, generally used for geotechnical studies, for calculating the compaction of sediments with an embankment overload (in which it is possible to obtain, in addition to the numerical data, also a graphic representations) but the authors propose the use of this software for calculating compaction suffered by sediments because of data accuracy.<\/span><\/div>\n
Finally, thanks to Loadcap, as pointed out by Marti\u00ecn-Mart\u00ecn and Robles-Mar\u00ecn (2020) is possible perform calculations and interpretations about the subsidence.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

References<\/span><\/h4>\n

A<\/strong>llen P.A. and Allen J.R., 2013 – Basin analysis: principles and application to petroleum play assessment<\/em>. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.<\/span>
\nB<\/strong>jorlykke, K., 2014 – Relationships between depositional environments, burial history and rock properties. Some principal aspects of diagenetic processes in sedimentary basins<\/em>. Sediment. Geol. 301, 1\u201314.<\/span>
\nE<\/strong>insele G, 2000 – Sedimentary basins.<\/em> Evolution, facies, and sediment budget. Springer, Berlin.<\/span>
\nL<\/strong>ee E.Y., Novotny J. and Wagreich M., 2019 – Subsidence Analysis and Visualization: For Sedimentary Basin Analysis and Modelling<\/em>. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 1st edition.<\/span>
\nL<\/strong>eeder M, 2011 – Sedimentology and sedimentary basins: from turbulence to tectonics<\/em>. Wiley, Chichester.<\/span>
\nM<\/strong>arker B.R., 2013 \u2013 Land Subsidence<\/em>. In Bobrowsky P.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards. Ecncyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecth.<\/span>
\nM<\/strong>art\u00ecn-Mart\u00ecn M. and Robles-Mar\u00ecn, 2020 – Alternative methods for calculating compaction in sedimentary basins<\/em>. Marine and Petroleum Geology 113. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 M<\/strong>iall A.D., 2000 – Principles of sedimentary basin analysis<\/em>. Springer, Berlin.<\/span>
\nV<\/strong>an Hinte, J.E., 1978 – Geohistory analysis: application of micropaleontology in exploration geology<\/em>. AAPG (Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol.) Bull. 62, 201\u2013222.<\/span>
\nW<\/strong>hittaker B.N and Reddish D.J., 1989 \u2013 Subsidence: Occurrence, Prediction and Control<\/em>. In Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, 56, ElsevierScience.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Subsidence How to analyze it with Loadcap Latterly, an interesting research paper, entitled \u201cAlternative methods for calculating compaction in sedimentary basins\u201d whose autors are Marti\u00ecn-Mart\u00ecn M. and Robles-Mar\u00ecn P., was published on Marine and Petroleum Geology. In this paper, the authors propose alternative methods for calculating compaction in sedimentary basin and, in particular, suggest the…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16822,"featured_media":115620,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4747,217,218,605,597],"tags":[8978],"class_list":["post-115924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-2","category-geology-articles","category-geotechnical-articles","category-news","category-scientific-publications-for-civil-engineering-geology","tag-subsidenza-2","category-4747","category-217","category-218","category-605","category-597","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nSubsidence How to analyze it with Loadcap - GeoStru EU<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/en\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidence-how-to-analyze-it-with-loadcap\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Subsidence How to analyze it with Loadcap\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Subsidence How to analyze it with Loadcap\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/en\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidence-how-to-analyze-it-with-loadcap\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"GeoStru EU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GeoStruSoftware\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-01-28T11:30:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-05-28T09:05:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Figura1_bacino.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1410\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"852\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Gloria Campilongo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Subsidence How to analyze it with Loadcap\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@geostru\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@geostru\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Gloria Campilongo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/en\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidence-how-to-analyze-it-with-loadcap\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/en\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidence-how-to-analyze-it-with-loadcap\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Gloria Campilongo\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/efaca837623c7d8e98963bcebcc226bb\"},\"headline\":\"Subsidence How to analyze it with Loadcap\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-01-28T11:30:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-05-28T09:05:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/en\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidence-how-to-analyze-it-with-loadcap\/\"},\"wordCount\":909,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/en\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidence-how-to-analyze-it-with-loadcap\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Figura1_bacino.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"subsidenza\"],\"articleSection\":[\"General\",\"Geology articles\",\"Geotechnical articles\",\"News\",\"Publications\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/en\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidence-how-to-analyze-it-with-loadcap\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/en\/blog\/2020\/01\/28\/subsidence-how-to-analyze-it-with-loadcap\/\",\"name\":\"Subsidence How to analyze it with Loadcap - 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